Position of rediscovery and the grave of the Tamuramaro Sakanoueno grave（坂上田村麻呂墓の再発見と墓の位置）

While it was estimated to be a grave of commander-in-chief of an expeditionary force against the barbarians, Tamuramaro Sakanoueno  who was in the first half of the Heian era, Torii of the historical archaeology student identified a position of "Nishinoyama Old grave" (Nishinoyama, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto-shi) where a correct place became unidentified by a change of the topography and announced it in an academic journal. In the study for footrail 40 years, the expert estimates it as "contents deserving examination".
The position of the old grave which I pinpointed is a road of Nishinoyamaiwagatanicho, Yamashina-ku. Kyoto empire University investigated the Nishinoyama old grave for the Taisho era period, and a sword and a mirror (each national treasure) were excavated. From the documents which Torii applied ancient land division "land adjustment" to a modern map for 1,973 years and wrote down a burial ground of Tamura Maro, "the grave announced Nishinoyama Old grave" and the article to do. There is the later study, too and is likely to be a burial ground.
Torii visited the Old grave by the guidance of the person who knew the investigation of the Taisho era period in the late 30s of the Showa era. However, a Kiyomizu ware housing complex was developed land for afterwards at the outskirts, and the topography changed, and the position of the old grave became unidentified for a long time.
I appeal to local people for reporting and start an investigation in 2007. Check the lot number of the old grave in working papers of the Taisho era period and a register of the Meiji era and, based on a description of the topography of illustrated map and working papers of the Kiyomizu ware housing complex creation in total, identify the whole area on foot many times. The article that I summarized result in announced "the position of rediscovery and the grave of the Tamuramaro Sakanoueno grave" in "Japan history" April issue of the historical society editing in Japan.
There is the position approximately 200 meters from the notation of the remains map account book (2007 version) of the city northeast. In addition, I confirm the thing equal to the spot that extended the nine articles main thoroughfare where there was the Luocheng gate in a southern limit of Heiankyo to the east and consider it that Torii was buried at the position protecting Heiankyo.
Professor emeritus at Ueda Kyoto University "the position of the grave is this, and there is not it, but submit a new problem despite a rule". I repeat a steady investigation and estimate it as contents deserving examination enough.
Torii if "the remains in conjunction with the old grave are excavated from under a pavement road, existence is proved". Because I had a study cooperate with many people, I tell, I feel that I was rewarded. It was good that steady research was tied to an article. The correctness of the article is really proved when I advance for the stage when I find you and can confirm it. Still, the management of the grave of a famous commander-in-chief of an expeditionary force against the barbarians is too careless.


平安時代前期の征夷大将軍・坂上田村麻呂（さかのうえのたむらまろ）の墓と推定されながら、地形の変化によって正確な場所が不明になっていた「西野山古墓」（京都市山科区西野山）の位置を、歴史考古学研究家の鳥居さんが特定し、学術誌に発表した。足かけ４０年にわたる研究で、専門家は「検討に値する内容」と評価している。
　特定した古墓の位置は、山科区西野山岩ケ谷町の道路。西野山古墓は大正期に京都帝国大が調査、金装太刀や鏡（いずれも国宝）が出土した。鳥居さんは、１９７３年、古代土地区画「条里」を現代の地図に当てはめて田村麻呂の埋葬地を記した文献から、「墓は西野山古墓」とする論文を発表した。その後の研究もあり、埋葬地として有力視されている。
　鳥居さんは昭和３０年代後半に大正期の調査を知る人の案内で古墓を訪れた。ところが、その後周辺で清水焼団地が造成されて地形が変わり、古墓の位置は長らく不明になっていた。
　２００７年から、地元住民に情報提供を呼びかけるなど調査を開始。大正期の調査報告書にある古墓の地番と明治時代の登記簿を突き合わせ、清水焼団地造成の計画図や調査報告書の地形の記述を基に、一帯を何度も歩いて特定。成果をまとめた論文「坂上田村麻呂墓の再発見と墓の位置」を、日本歴史学会編集の「日本歴史」４月号に発表した。
　位置は、市の遺跡地図台帳（０７年版）の表記からは２００メートルほど北東にある。また平安京の南限で、羅城門があった九条大路を東に延長した地点にあたることも確認し、鳥居さんは平安京を守護する位置に埋葬された、とみている。
　上田京都大名誉教授は「墓の位置がこれで決まり、とは言えないが、新しい問題を提起している。地道な調査を積み重ねており、十分検討に値する内容」と評価している。
　鳥居さんは「舗装路の下から古墓に関連した遺物が出土すれば存在が証明される。多くの人に研究に協力いただいたので、報われた思い」と話している。地道な調査研究が論文に結びついて良かったですね。実際に発掘して確認できる段階にまで進んでいくと論文の正しさが証明されますね。それにしても有名な征夷大将軍の墓の管理がずさん過ぎますね。